Conjunctivitis in Dogs (pink eye)

The conjunctiva acts as a protective barrier against infection, debris and injury. When it becomes inflamed, swollen or infected, this is called conjunctivitis. It is often referred to as ‘pink eye’ due to the red appearance of the eye.

Conjunctivitis is a common eye condition in dogs that causes redness, irritation and discharge.

While it may look mild at first, eye problems should never be ignored. Prompt veterinary care is essential to protect your dog’s comfort and eyesight.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis in Dogs

Conjunctivitis can look different depending on the cause, but common signs include:

• Red or pink whites of the eye
• Swelling around the eye or eyelids
• Watery, cloudy, yellow or green discharge
• Squinting or blinking more than usual
• Sensitivity to light
• Pawing at or rubbing the eye or face
• Eye(s) held closed
• Cloudy appearance to the eye
• Reduced appetite or seeming unwell in more severe cases

Conjunctivitis often starts in one eye and spreads to the other, though allergies or viral causes may affect both eyes from the start.

Causes of Conjunctivitis in Dogs

Conjunctivitis is usually a sign of another problem and possible causes include:

• Irritants – dust, smoke, sand or chemicals
• Foreign bodies – grass seeds, grit or debris
• Allergies – including environmental or skin allergies
• Bacterial infections – often linked with yellow or green discharge
• Viral infections – rare, but can include distemper or herpes virus
• Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) – reduced tear production
• Eye injuries or ulcers – scratches or trauma to the surface of the eye
• Eyelid or eyelash abnormalities – lashes growing in the wrong direction, eyelids turning in or out
• Glaucoma – increased pressure inside the eye
• Uveitis – inflammation within the eyeball
• Blocked tear ducts
• Parasites – such as eye worms (rare in Ireland)
• Immune-related conditions – such as pannus

How is Conjunctivitis Diagnosed?

Your vet will carry out a full eye examination to identify the underlying cause.

This may include:

• Examining the eye with specialist equipment
• Checking tear production
• Using eye stains to look for ulcers
• Measuring eye pressure
• Taking swabs if infection is suspected

Correct diagnosis is essential, as treatments vary depending on the cause.

Treatment for Conjunctivitis

Treatment depends on what is causing the inflammation and may include:

Eye drops or ointments – to treat infection, inflammation or dryness

Antibiotics – if a bacterial infection is present

Anti-inflammatory medication – such as steroids or antihistamines (only if appropriate)

Removal of foreign material – sometimes requiring sedation

Surgery – for blocked tear ducts, eyelid problems or severe disease

A protective collar (buster collar) may be needed to stop your dog rubbing their eyes during recovery.

Will My Dog Recover Fully?

Most dogs make a full recovery with prompt and appropriate treatment, however some dogs may need long-term or lifelong treatment, especially if allergies or dry eye are involved.

Depending on the underlying cause, delayed treatment can result in scarring or vision problems, so early veterinary care gives your dog the best chance of a good outcome.

Can Humans Catch Conjunctivitis from Dogs?

It is extremely unlikely for people to catch conjunctivitis from a dog but always wash your hands after handling your pet.