Dogs have two small scent sacs, known as anal glands that are located just inside the anus. These glands release a distinctive-smelling fluid that helps dogs mark territory and recognise one another.
Normally, the glands empty naturally when your dog passes a firm stool. However, if they fail to empty properly, they can become overfilled or blocked. This can be very uncomfortable and may cause behaviours such as scooting along the floor, excessive licking of the back end, or nibbling near the base of the tail.
Anal glands do not need routine emptying in healthy dogs. However, if you suspect a problem, it’s important to contact your vet promptly. Untreated blockages can progress to painful infections or abscesses.
Symptoms may include:
If left untreated, swelling may develop beside the anus and could rupture if an abscess forms.
Your vet will examine your dog’s back end and, in most cases, gently empty (express) the glands which often brings immediate relief.
If the glands are inflamed or infected, additional treatment may be required, such as:
Dogs that experience frequent blockages may need regular veterinary checks. In rare and severe long-term cases, surgical removal of the glands can be considered. This is a specialised procedure with potential risks, including faecal incontinence, so careful discussion with your vet is essential.
Do not attempt to empty your dog’s anal glands at home unless you have been specifically trained and advised to do so by your vet. Incorrect technique can cause injury, infection, or significant pain.
To reduce the likelihood of repeat problems:
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Excess weight can affect muscle tone in the anal region and increase the risk of gland issues.
Improve Stool Quality
Firm stools help the glands empty naturally, so increasing dietary fibre can help dogs with soft stools. Your vet can advise on suitable high-fibre diets or safe supplements for your dog.
Manage Underlying Conditions
If your dog has allergies or chronic digestive issues, addressing these problems can reduce recurrence.
Arrange a veterinary appointment if your dog shows signs of discomfort around their back end or begins scooting or licking excessively.
Seek prompt attention, as untreated blockages can quickly develop into infections or painful abscesses.
If you are worried about your dog, trust your instincts and contact your veterinary practice.
Most simple anal gland expressions are straightforward. However, ongoing or complicated cases, especially those requiring sedation, medication or surgery, can increase costs.
If you’re able to, consider pet insurance while your dog is young and healthy to help with unexpected illness or injury. If your dog becomes unwell, talk openly with your vet about the options, the likely costs, and what feels manageable for you. Together, you can tailor a plan that’s right for your dog and your situation.
No. If your dog has never shown signs of a problem, routine emptying is not necessary as healthy glands typically function without intervention.
Some groomers offer this service. However, if your dog is showing signs of pain, infection, or repeated problems, a veterinary examination is more appropriate.
This should only be done if your vet has demonstrated the correct technique and confirmed it is appropriate. Incorrect handling can cause harm.
