Dogs are social animals and most prefer to be close to the people they are bonded with. For some dogs, being left alone, or separated from a particular person, can be distressing. This is often referred to as separation anxiety, though vets now commonly use the broader term separation-related behaviours. This recognises that dogs may experience a range of emotions when left, including fear, panic, frustration, boredom or over-excitement, rather than anxiety alone.
Separation-related behaviours are very common and can have a significant impact on both a dog’s wellbeing and their family’s quality of life. The good news is that, with the right support, many dogs can learn to cope better with being alone. Improvement usually involves behavioural guidance, practical changes at home and, in some cases, medication prescribed by a vet.
A separation-related issue occurs when a dog struggles to cope with being on their own or away from a specific person. The distress usually begins shortly after their caregiver leaves and often eases when they return. As many dogs appear settled again once reunited, these problems can sometimes go unnoticed, unless someone hears or sees what happens while the dog is alone.
Dogs show separation-related distress in different ways. Some signs are obvious, while others can be subtle. You may notice one or more of the following when your dog is left alone:
If you’re unsure what your dog does when alone, a pet camera or feedback from neighbours can be very helpful. Video footage is particularly valuable for vets and behaviour professionals when assessing the problem.
If you think your dog may have separation-related issues, or if there is a sudden change in their behaviour, it’s important to speak to your vet. Your vet can rule out medical causes, offer advice and, where appropriate, refer you to a qualified behaviour professional.
Why Treats Alone Are Rarely Enough
It’s a common belief that leaving toys or chews will solve the problem. While this may help dogs who are simply bored, dogs that are truly distressed often won’t eat or play once their person has gone.
A Tailored, Step-by-Step Approach
Most dogs benefit from working with a qualified behaviourist, ideally one registered with a recognised professional body.
Support usually involves:
Progress takes time and commitment, but many dogs do improve with the right help.
Dogs don’t misbehave out of spite. If you come home to damage or mess, it’s the result of distress, not bad behaviour. Telling a dog off after the event won’t help, they won’t connect the punishment with what happened earlier, and it may make them more anxious about both being left and your return. This can worsen the problem rather than solve it.
Helping puppies and newly adopted dogs learn that short periods alone are normal can reduce the risk of problems developing later. Start gently and build up slowly.
Helpful early steps include:
Dogs should not be left alone for long periods. As a general guide, most adult dogs shouldn’t be left for more than four hours at a time, though this varies on the individual dog.
When teaching your dog to cope with time alone, gradual progress is key. Using baby gates rather than closed doors can help create gentle distance while your dog still feels connected. Providing a comfortable bed, access to water, a quiet environment and familiar scents can all help your dog feel more secure.
If your dog becomes worried at any stage, take a step back and return to the point where they were relaxed. Some dogs progress quickly, while others need much more time, both are normal.
If your dog already finds being alone very difficult, professional guidance is strongly recommended. Every dog is different, and a personalised plan is far more effective than a one-size-fits-all approach. Your vet can help you access appropriate behavioural support.
