As dogs move into their senior years, it’s natural to notice changes in their behaviour and routine. They may slow down on walks, spend more time resting, seek out your company more often, or even seem a little grumpier than they used to be. Some older dogs also start to gain weight as their activity levels drop.
While many of these changes are a normal part of ageing, sudden or noticeable changes in behaviour, appetite or weight can sometimes be a sign of pain or illness. Keeping a close eye on your senior dog and acting early can make a big difference to their comfort and quality of life.
Always contact your vet if your dog is losing weight, seems unwell, or if their behaviour changes noticeably.
Most dogs are considered to be entering middle age from around seven years old, but this varies by breed and size. Smaller dogs often live longer and may not show signs of ageing until nine or ten years of age, while larger breeds can start to slow down from as early as six.
Your dog’s overall health, diet and medical history all play a role in how they age. Many veterinary practices now offer senior care programmes, which can help spot age-related conditions earlier and support dogs to live longer, healthier lives.
Older dogs often benefit from a senior diet, which is designed to support healthy weight and ageing bodies. Some dogs may also need specialist diets for medical conditions. Your vet can advise on what’s best for your dog, and any dietary changes should always be introduced gradually.
A healthy body shape is key. You should be able to feel your dog’s ribs with light pressure and see a gentle waist when viewed from above. If your dog is gaining weight, reducing portions and treats can help. If they’re losing weight, speak to your vet, as this can be an early sign of illness.
Weighing your dog every month or two can help you spot changes early.
Regular, gentle exercise helps keep senior dogs mobile, prevents obesity and provides valuable mental stimulation. Shorter, more frequent walks are often better than long or strenuous outings.
If your dog seems stiff, tires easily or walks awkwardly, it may be time to adjust their routine. Calm activities like sniffing games, scent work or puzzle toys can keep their mind active without putting strain on their joints.
Making Their Environment More Comfortable
Small changes around the home can make a big difference for older dogs:
Grooming and Health Checks
Older dogs may struggle to groom themselves due to stiffness. Gentle, regular grooming helps keep them comfortable and gives you a chance to check for lumps, skin problems or sore areas. Use a soft brush, as senior dogs often have more delicate skin.
Arthritis is very common in senior dogs and can cause pain, stiffness and reduced mobility. Careful weight control, gentle exercise and home adaptations can all help.
If you think your dog may be in pain, speak to your vet. Never give human painkillers, as many are dangerous for dogs.
Incontinence is most common in older female dogs, though it can affect any dog. You may notice wet bedding, urine on their fur, skin irritation or increased licking.
Your vet can carry out tests to identify the cause and may prescribe medication or other treatments to help manage the problem.
Teeth and gums naturally wear over time, and dental disease is very common in older dogs. Signs include bad breath, red gums, visible tartar, difficulty eating and weight loss.
Early treatment can prevent pain and infection, so contact your vet if you notice any of these signs.
Some senior dogs develop cognitive dysfunction, which can cause confusion, anxiety and changes in behaviour. Signs may include pacing, toileting indoors, disturbed sleep or vocalising.
Although it can’t be cured, there are ways to help. Keeping a consistent routine, providing gentle mental stimulation and making the home easy to navigate can all support your dog. Your vet may also discuss medication options.
Gradual loss of hearing or sight is common in older dogs. They may become less responsive, bump into objects or seem more cautious.
You can help by keeping furniture in familiar places, using sound or vibrations to get their attention, and keeping them on a lead when out and about to prevent them from becoming disoriented.
Senior dogs are more prone to conditions such as kidney disease, fatty lumps and cancer. While not all lumps are serious, any new lump or change should always be checked by your vet.
Early investigation often leads to better outcomes and improved comfort.
Many age-related conditions can be managed successfully, but there may come a time when treatment no longer keeps your dog comfortable. Regularly discussing your dog’s quality of life with your vet can help guide difficult decisions.
If your dog’s pain or discomfort can no longer be controlled, your vet can support you through the kindest next steps with compassion and care.
