Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease that affects dogs and can be life-threatening. The infection is caused by Leptospira bacteria, which attack vital organs, particularly the liver and kidneys.
Without prompt treatment, the illness can progress rapidly and may prove fatal.
The disease spreads mainly through infected urine and contaminated water or soil.
Leptospirosis can also infect people. When transmitted to humans, it is sometimes referred to as Weil’s disease.
Yes. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can pass from animals to humans.
People may become infected through contact with contaminated urine or water. Although human cases are uncommon, infection can be severe. Anyone who suspects they may have been exposed should seek medical advice promptly.
If a dog is diagnosed, hygiene is extremely important:
Symptoms can vary widely. Some dogs show mild signs, while others deteriorate very quickly. In rare cases, dogs may carry and spread the infection without appearing seriously unwell.
Common signs include:
In severe cases, dogs can decline within 48 hours. Immediate veterinary attention is essential if leptospirosis is suspected.
Your vet will review your dog’s vaccination status and carry out a full clinical examination. Blood and urine tests are typically used to assess organ function and look for evidence of infection.
Because early test results can sometimes be inconclusive, repeat testing may be necessary. If leptospirosis is strongly suspected, treatment is often started without waiting for confirmation.
Treatment usually involves:
Affected dogs are typically hospitalised and isolated to prevent spread. Veterinary staff use protective clothing when caring for infected animals.
Even after recovery, some dogs may continue shedding bacteria in their urine for a period of time. Long-term kidney damage can also occur in survivors.
Sadly, in severe cases where suffering cannot be controlled, euthanasia may need to be considered.
The outcome depends on how quickly treatment begins and how severely the organs are affected. Dogs treated early may recover, but advanced cases carry a high risk of death or long-term complications.
Vaccination is the most effective way to reduce the risk of leptospirosis.
Different vaccines protect against different strains of the bacteria, so your vet will advise which option is most appropriate for your dog’s lifestyle and location.
Additional precautions include:
Unvaccinated dogs are significantly more vulnerable to infection.
Seek veterinary advice immediately if your dog shows any symptoms consistent with leptospirosis, particularly if they:
Prompt treatment can significantly improve the chances of recovery.
